{"id":51,"date":"2017-06-01T00:00:35","date_gmt":"2017-06-01T00:00:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/?p=51"},"modified":"2019-05-31T11:53:01","modified_gmt":"2019-05-31T15:53:01","slug":"cyborg-centered-design","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/2017\/06\/01\/cyborg-centered-design\/","title":{"rendered":"Cyborg-Centered Design: Designing the Hearing Experience for Cochlear Implant Users"},"content":{"rendered":"<h6>By Alexandra Grossi<\/h6>\n<p><span class=\"dropcap\">S<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ince their inception, hearing devices have been designed to hide the user\u2019s inability to hear. Glasses, on the other hand, went from being solely a vision-correcting device to being a fashion statement. Graham Pullin\u2019s book, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Design Meets Disability<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, challenges the way we design for disability and argues that design can help fight stigmas. Pullin questions why hearing devices can\u2019t go down the same path as glasses. Rather than focusing on overturning stigma associated with cochlear implant (CI) product design, my design explorations use Pullin\u2019s concepts to make the user experience of the CI Remote Assistant closer to the intuitive hearing experience of a normally hearing person. Then I take the project a step further to explore how the CI user experience might incorporate intuitive \u201csuper hearing\u201d abilities that people with normal hearing do not have.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Cochlear implants (CIs) are electronic devices that replace the function of a damaged inner ear in people with profound hearing loss. The latest iteration of the CI, offered by Cochlear Americas, is the Nucleus 6, which has an option for a \u201cRemote Assistant\u201d that lets users adjust settings wirelessly. The Remote Assistant is meant to give users greater control over their sound settings. Instead, users report that its user interface is difficult to navigate and time consuming to operate.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In describing what makes clear interaction design, Gillan Crampton Smith lists the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It offers users a clear mental model<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It gives reassuring feedback<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is easy to navigate<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is consistent (Moggridge, 2007).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Judging the usability of the Remote Assistant based on the qualities Smith outlines, it is clear that the design does not offer users a clear mental model, nor is it easy to navigate. Instead, the onus is on the user to learn and memorize the functions of the Remote Assistant. The Remote Assistant uses linear navigation that requires users to click through many screens to make adjustments to volume or sensitivity. The linear navigation is problematic because it is difficult for users to know \u201cwhere they are\u201d unless they have the order memorized. The icons and language used in the interface do not clearly inform users of their functions. Obfuscation of functions goes against Don Norman\u2019s characteristics of good design: discoverability and understanding (Norman, 2013).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the case of a bilateral CI user (a CI recipient who has CIs in both ears), it takes seven steps to reach the screen that allows the user to change the volume of their left ear. If the same CI user wants to adjust the sensitivity of the left ear, it takes ten steps. If a user has a microphone accessory, the user can control the volume of the microphone input, but it takes 14 steps.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/1_Grossi_CurrentUX_p8.jpg?ssl=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"250\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/2017\/06\/01\/cyborg-centered-design\/1_grossi_currentux_p8\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/1_Grossi_CurrentUX_p8.jpg?fit=8272%2C3196&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"8272,3196\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Figure A: Alexandra Grossi\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Alexandra Grossi&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/1_Grossi_CurrentUX_p8.jpg?fit=300%2C116&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/1_Grossi_CurrentUX_p8.jpg?fit=840%2C325&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-250 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/1_Grossi_CurrentUX_p8.jpg?resize=840%2C325&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Figure A\" width=\"840\" height=\"325\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/1_Grossi_CurrentUX_p8.jpg?w=8272&amp;ssl=1 8272w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/1_Grossi_CurrentUX_p8.jpg?resize=300%2C116&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/1_Grossi_CurrentUX_p8.jpg?resize=768%2C297&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/1_Grossi_CurrentUX_p8.jpg?resize=1024%2C396&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/1_Grossi_CurrentUX_p8.jpg?w=1680&amp;ssl=1 1680w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/1_Grossi_CurrentUX_p8.jpg?w=2520&amp;ssl=1 2520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In my explorations addressing the usability of the current UI, I explore the concept of a UI that exists on many connected devices. These mini-design explorations look at the most commonly changed variables: volume and sensitivity.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/2and3_Grossi_Usability_UserProgramming_-p55.jpg?ssl=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"252\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/2017\/06\/01\/cyborg-centered-design\/2and3_grossi_usability_userprogramming_-p55\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/2and3_Grossi_Usability_UserProgramming_-p55.jpg?fit=5148%2C1989&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"5148,1989\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Figure B: Alexandra Grossi\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Alexandra Grossi&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/2and3_Grossi_Usability_UserProgramming_-p55.jpg?fit=300%2C116&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/2and3_Grossi_Usability_UserProgramming_-p55.jpg?fit=840%2C325&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-252 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/2and3_Grossi_Usability_UserProgramming_-p55.jpg?resize=840%2C325&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Figure B\" width=\"840\" height=\"325\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/2and3_Grossi_Usability_UserProgramming_-p55.jpg?resize=1024%2C396&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/2and3_Grossi_Usability_UserProgramming_-p55.jpg?resize=300%2C116&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/2and3_Grossi_Usability_UserProgramming_-p55.jpg?resize=768%2C297&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/2and3_Grossi_Usability_UserProgramming_-p55.jpg?w=1680&amp;ssl=1 1680w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/2and3_Grossi_Usability_UserProgramming_-p55.jpg?w=2520&amp;ssl=1 2520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In looking at ways to expand the idea of what a hearing device is supposed to do, I went a step further to explore elements of \u201csuper hearing.\u201d What if the user could block out the sound of a blender and make a friend\u2019s voice louder? I explored the concept of a noise blocking feature that allows users to visualize their soundscape and select sounds they would like to either block or enhance.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/4_Grossi_SuperHuman-p62.jpg?ssl=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"253\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/2017\/06\/01\/cyborg-centered-design\/4_grossi_superhuman-p62\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/4_Grossi_SuperHuman-p62.jpg?fit=2123%2C1641&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2123,1641\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Figure C: Alexandra Grossi\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Alexandra Grossi&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/4_Grossi_SuperHuman-p62.jpg?fit=300%2C232&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/4_Grossi_SuperHuman-p62.jpg?fit=840%2C650&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-253 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/4_Grossi_SuperHuman-p62.jpg?resize=840%2C650&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Figure C\" width=\"840\" height=\"650\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/4_Grossi_SuperHuman-p62.jpg?resize=1024%2C792&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/4_Grossi_SuperHuman-p62.jpg?resize=300%2C232&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/4_Grossi_SuperHuman-p62.jpg?resize=768%2C594&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/4_Grossi_SuperHuman-p62.jpg?w=1680&amp;ssl=1 1680w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In my research, I conducted interviews with many hearing device users, and identified shared struggles for inspiration. My interviews revealed that even with this incredible technology, it is difficult for users to follow along what is being said in a crowd or in a noisy environment. <\/span><b>Scriber <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">is a feature that uses voice recognition software to offer users a real time and saved transcription of the world around them.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/5_Grossi_SuperHuman_Scriber_-p63.jpg?ssl=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"254\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/2017\/06\/01\/cyborg-centered-design\/5_grossi_superhuman_scriber_-p63\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/5_Grossi_SuperHuman_Scriber_-p63.jpg?fit=1915%2C1479&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1915,1479\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Figure D: Alexandra Grossi\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Alexandra Grossi&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/5_Grossi_SuperHuman_Scriber_-p63.jpg?fit=300%2C232&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/5_Grossi_SuperHuman_Scriber_-p63.jpg?fit=840%2C649&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-254 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/5_Grossi_SuperHuman_Scriber_-p63.jpg?resize=840%2C649&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Figure D\" width=\"840\" height=\"649\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/5_Grossi_SuperHuman_Scriber_-p63.jpg?resize=1024%2C791&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/5_Grossi_SuperHuman_Scriber_-p63.jpg?resize=300%2C232&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/5_Grossi_SuperHuman_Scriber_-p63.jpg?resize=768%2C593&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/5_Grossi_SuperHuman_Scriber_-p63.jpg?w=1915&amp;ssl=1 1915w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/5_Grossi_SuperHuman_Scriber_-p63.jpg?w=1680&amp;ssl=1 1680w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">David Rose\u2019s<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Enchanted Objects <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">examines the possibilities for objects once they are connected to the internet. A connected UI would enable a contextual interface that users can program. Over time, the UI would be able to learn the user\u2019s behaviors and set off sequences that automate functions. I call these \u201croutines.\u201d Users can set up conditions such as a time of day or a location that sets into motion a predesigned routine. For example, my persona, Max, is a 24-year-old programmer who lives in a big, noisy city. Max likes to \u201cwarm up\u201d his ears in the morning by playing a playlist that slowly rises in volume and then crossfades to environmental sounds so that by the time he reaches his office, he has completed the transition.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/6_Grossi_ARoutinein-Action-p60.jpg?ssl=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"256\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/2017\/06\/01\/cyborg-centered-design\/6_grossi_aroutinein-action-p60\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/6_Grossi_ARoutinein-Action-p60.jpg?fit=4400%2C1700&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"4400,1700\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Figure E: Alexandra Grossi\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Alexandra Grossi&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/6_Grossi_ARoutinein-Action-p60.jpg?fit=300%2C116&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/6_Grossi_ARoutinein-Action-p60.jpg?fit=840%2C325&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-256 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/6_Grossi_ARoutinein-Action-p60.jpg?resize=840%2C325&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Figure E\" width=\"840\" height=\"325\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/6_Grossi_ARoutinein-Action-p60.jpg?resize=1024%2C396&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/6_Grossi_ARoutinein-Action-p60.jpg?resize=300%2C116&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/6_Grossi_ARoutinein-Action-p60.jpg?resize=768%2C297&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/6_Grossi_ARoutinein-Action-p60.jpg?w=1680&amp;ssl=1 1680w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/6_Grossi_ARoutinein-Action-p60.jpg?w=2520&amp;ssl=1 2520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Older and disabled users have been disenfranchised by the very technology that they rely on for their way of life. Including the user in the design process is key to producing a great user experience. Designers have the power to give users a stronger role in the design process. By not taking a deeply user-centered design approach, assistive technology companies are missing out on the opportunity for great innovation. They could help push progress on a cultural scale. Connecting users to the internet opens a world of possibilities. It would empower users by giving them a voice and the opportunity to think critically about the technology they depend on. My explorations in this research seek to push boundaries, and employ Human-Centered Design. While I cover a wide range of topics and ideas, there are limitless possibilities in the field. Further investigations should put the user at the center of the design process and continue to dare to ask, \u201cwhat if?\u201d and \u201cwhy not?\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"grey-box\"><a href=\"http:\/\/alexandradeangrossi.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><u>Alexandra Dean Grossi<\/u><\/a> completed the Masters of Graphic Design Program at NCSU. She received her bachelor\u2019s degree from Vassar College and worked in television in Los Angeles before starting a career in graphic design. She is pursuing a career in the field of inclusive design and wants to push the boundaries of what it means to design for disability.<\/div>\n<p><b>References<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Moggridge, B. (2007). In NetLibrary I. (Ed.), <i>Designing interactions<\/i>. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.<\/p>\n<p>Norman, D. A. (2013). <i>The design of everyday things<\/i>. New York: Basic Books, a member of the Perseus Books Group.<\/p>\n<p>Pullin, G., 1964-. (2009). <i>Design meets disability<\/i>. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.<\/p>\n<p>Rose, D.,1967- author. (2015). <i>Enchanted objects : Innovation, design, and the future of technology<\/i>. New York, NY: Scribner.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>by Alexandra Grossi<\/br><br \/>\nSince their inception, hearing devices have been designed to hide the user\u2019s inability to hear.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[31],"tags":[27],"class_list":["post-51","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loudandclear","tag-mgd-17"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p8I7oW-P","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=51"}],"version-history":[{"count":30,"href":"https:\/\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2576,"href":"https:\/\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51\/revisions\/2576"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=51"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=51"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/andso\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=51"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}