{"id":3167,"date":"2024-11-04T14:55:06","date_gmt":"2024-11-04T19:55:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/student-publication\/?page_id=3167"},"modified":"2025-02-02T16:46:50","modified_gmt":"2025-02-02T21:46:50","slug":"the-mutant","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/student-publication\/the-mutant\/","title":{"rendered":"the mutant"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"3167\" class=\"elementor elementor-3167\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e593812 e-grid e-con-full e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2e593812\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21bcee31 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"21bcee31\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c884773 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3c884773\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-49d94170 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"49d94170\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/student-publication\/elementor-2991\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">&lt;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23f0f746 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"23f0f746\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/student-publication\/elementor-2991\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">&gt;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3179334 e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3179334\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:-122,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:-110,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Chapter Four: The Mutant<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d902055 e-con-full scrollcon e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4d902055\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24e784cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"24e784cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">An Introduction from the Editor<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e0bf854 elementor-drop-cap-yes elementor-drop-cap-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e0bf854\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;drop_cap&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\">In the natural world, mutations happen when genetic information is not replicated in a specific, pre-ascribed way it was \u201cprogrammed\u201d<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 <\/span>to.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p class=\"p1\">The data of how our cells in DNA are transcribed into RNA so it can be translated into the building blocks of a physical body.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p class=\"p1\">Sometimes there are prompters for these mutations, such as a carcinogenic exposure or a genetic inheritance. But often, mutations happen completely by chance.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p class=\"p1\">Whether a mutation is harmful or beneficial ultimately depends on how its DNA changes relative to the organism\u2019s situation. The world of design and the practitioners who represent the craft needs to evolve now more than ever. The systems of thought of how we have been creating are no longer benefiting humanity\u2019s collective needs, and we, as designers, makers, and consumers.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p class=\"p1\">Are there alternative approaches to how we engage with the world around us and the powerful tools we now have access too?. Cyberspace has created a new realm to exist, let us resist its colonization by those with dubious intentions. Designers have become hired guns for the rampant consumerism that is suffocating us with what we should buy next. And we now have the tools to grow instead of build the environment around us, so why are we still crudely constructing against nature? How can we change our situation so that they can push design, our craft, into the next stage of evolution? Mutations happen more than we may think.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d114e0c e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"2d114e0c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;start&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"756108812\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-7561088121\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-7561088121\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-7561088121\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tA Declaration of Independence of Cyberspace\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-7561088122\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-7561088122\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-7561088122\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tRedesigning Design Beyond Consumerism\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-7561088123\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-7561088123\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-7561088123\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tNeri Oxman in Conversation\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-7561088121\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-7561088121\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-1ba2fb99 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1ba2fb99\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ba8a59a e-con-full scrollcon e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3ba8a59a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43d663bd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"43d663bd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21e175d0 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"21e175d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">by John Perry Barlow<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7742f203 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7742f203\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\">John Perry Barlow (1947-2018) was an influential American poet, essayist, and internet activist. In 1971 Barlow began writing lyrics for the Grateful Dead. Beyond his work in music, Barlow was a visionary thinker who foresaw the transformative potential of the internet. In 1990, he co-founded the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF), a nonprofit organization dedicated to defending civil liberties in the digital world. Barlow\u2019s 1996 manifesto, \u201cA Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace,\u201d articulated his belief in the internet as a space free from government control, championing freedom of expression and privacy. Barlow\u2019s work bridged the countercultural ethos of the 1960s with the emerging digital age, making him a key figure in advocating for a free and open internet.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d1dadca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d1dadca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\"><i>Governments of the Industrial World,<\/i><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d524eee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3d524eee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\"><i>Y<\/i>ou weary giants of flesh and steel, I come from Cyberspace, the new home of Mind. On behalf of the future, I ask you of the past to leave us alone. You are not welcome among us. You have no sovereigny where we gather. <span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p class=\"p3\">We have no elected government, nor are we likely to have one, so I address you with no greater authority than that with which liberty itself always speaks. I declare the global social space we are building to be naturally independent of the tyrannies you seek to impose on us. You have no moral right to rule us nor do you possess any methods of enforcement we have true reason to fear.<\/p><p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span>Governments derive their just powers from the consent of the governed. You have neither solicited nor received ours. We did not invite you. You do not know us, nor do you know our world. Cyberspace does not lie within your borders. Do not think that you can build it, as though it were a public construction project. You cannot. It is an act of nature and it grows itself through our collective actions.<\/p><p class=\"p3\">You have not engaged in our great and gathering conversation, nor did you create the wealth of our marketplaces. You do not know our culture, our ethics, or the unwritten codes that already provide our society more order than could be obtained by any of your impositions.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p class=\"p3\">You claim there are problems among us that you need to solve. You use this claim as an excuse to invade our precincts. Many of these problems don\u2019t exist. Where there are real conflicts, where there are wrongs, we will identify them and address them by our means. We are forming our own Social Contract. This governance will arise according to the conditions of our world, not yours. Our world is different.<\/p><p class=\"p3\">Cyberspace consists of transactions, relationships, and thought itself, arrayed like a standing wave in the web of our communications. Ours is a world that is both everywhere and nowhere, but it is not where bodies live.<\/p><p class=\"p3\">We are creating a world that all may enter without privilege or prejudice accorded by race, economic power, military force, or station of birth.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5dd80e5c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5dd80e5c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\">We are creating a world where anyone, anywhere may express his or her beliefs, no matter how singular, without fear of being coerced into silence or conformity.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">Your legal concepts of property, expression, identity, movement, and context do not apply to us. They are all based on matter, and there is no matter here.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">Our identities have no bodies, so, unlike you, we cannot obtain order by physical coercion. We believe that from ethics, enlightened self-interest, and the commonweal, our governance will emerge. Our identities may be distributed across many of your jurisdictions. The only law that all our constituent cultures would generally recognize is the Golden Rule. We hope we will be able to build our particular solutions on that basis. But we cannot accept the solutions you are attempting to impose.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">In the United States, you have today created a law, the Telecommunications Reform Act, which repudiates your own Constitution and insults the dreams of Jefferson, Washington, Mill, Madison, DeToqueville, and Brandeis. These dreams must now be born anew in us.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">You are terrified of your own children, since they are natives in a world where you will always be immigrants. Because you fear them, you entrust your bureaucracies with the parental responsibilities you are too cowardly to confront yourselves. In our world, all the sentiments and expressions of humanity, from the debasing to the angelic, are parts of a seamless whole, the global conversation of bits.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51f11dc3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"51f11dc3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\"><em>We cannot separate the air that chokes from the air upon which wings beat.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c5f5a15 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c5f5a15\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\">In China, Germany, France, Russia, Singapore, Italy and the United States, you are trying to ward off the virus of liberty by erecting guard posts at the frontiers of Cyberspace. These may keep out the contagion for a small time, but they will not work in a world that will soon be blanketed in bit-bearing media.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">Your increasingly obsolete information industries would perpetuate themselves by proposing laws, in America and elsewhere, that claim to own speech itself throughout the world. These laws would declare ideas to be another industrial product, no more noble than pig iron. In our world, whatever the human mind may create can be reproduced and distributed infinitely at no cost. The global conveyance of thought no longer requires your factories to accomplish.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">These increasingly hostile and colonial measures place us in the same position as those previous lovers of freedom and self-determination who had to reject the authorities of distant, uninformed powers. We must declare our virtual selves immune to your sovereignty, even as we continue to consent to your rule over our bodies. We will spread ourselves across the Planet so that no one can arrest our thoughts.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-783ebe0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"783ebe0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\">In China, Germany, France, Russia, Singapore, Italy and the United States, you are trying to ward off the virus of liberty by erecting guard posts at the frontiers of Cyberspace. These may keep out the contagion for a small time, but they will not work in a world that will soon be blanketed in bit-bearing media.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">Your increasingly obsolete information industries would perpetuate themselves by proposing laws, in America and elsewhere, that claim to own speech itself throughout the world. These laws would declare ideas to be another industrial product, no more noble than pig iron. In our world, whatever the human mind may create can be reproduced and distributed infinitely at no cost. The global conveyance of thought no longer requires your factories to accomplish.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">These increasingly hostile and colonial measures place us in the same position as those previous lovers of freedom and self-determination who had to reject the authorities of distant, uninformed powers. We must declare our virtual selves immune to your sovereignty, even as we continue to consent to your rule over our bodies. We will spread ourselves across the Planet so that no one can arrest our thoughts.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-7561088122\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-7561088122\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-670c8764 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"670c8764\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e7f5fdd e-con-full scrollcon e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2e7f5fdd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43fdc655 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"43fdc655\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d803fde elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7d803fde\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">by Arvind Lodaya<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22ce2043 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22ce2043\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0He earned his Ph.D. in Clinical Pharmacology from the University of Aberdeen and has held senior roles at Pfizer, Eli Lilly, and several biotech startups.\u00a0 He has been an Adjunct Professor at the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey since 2007 and previously served as Entrepreneur in Residence at UNC-Chapel Hill Eshelman School of Pharmacy.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"p1\">\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-370a42c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"370a42c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Paraphrasing Herbert Simon, the concept that &#8220;any changing of existing conditions to better ones is an act of design&#8221;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">encapsulates the essence of human ingenuity. This broad and all-encompassing definition corroborates my hypothesis that at its core, design is an evolutionary progressive impulse to secure and improve our conditions for ourselves and our children. <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc56b50 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc56b50\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">From the simplest tools to complex systems, design permeates every aspect of\u00a0 human existence and endeavour, reflecting our never-ending pursuit of progress and\u00a0 innovation. <\/span><\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3eca3425 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3eca3425\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Following the Industrial Revolution, this organic impulse got harnessed and massively\u00a0 amplified by industry, leading to significant shifts in its priorities and scale. Elizabeth Shove&#8217;s\u00a0 characterization of design&#8217;s impact on &#8220;cleanliness, comfort, and convenience&#8221;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">underscores\u00a0 its transformative impact on everyday life of the masses after the Revolution. However, this\u00a0 integration with industrial processes also marked the beginning of design&#8217;s co-optation by\u00a0 commercial interests, to serve mass production and consumption rather than local and\u00a0 granular human needs and aspirations. Being now separated from technology, design assumed a specialist role as \u201chumanizing technology\u201d.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p class=\"p1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Victor Papanek<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and other critics have highlighted the detrimental effects of the\u00a0 commodification of design, particularly in fostering a culture of mass consumerism. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The\u00a0 proliferation of products driven by manufactured desires, coupled with the pervasive\u00a0 influence of mass media and advertising, has resulted in a society inundated with goods that provide status and instant gratification over actual utility and long-term value<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. This\u00a0 phenomenon has not only contributed to environmental degradation but has also\u00a0 perpetuated a cycle of overconsumption and waste, undermining the principles of\u00a0 sustainability and wellbeing. <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3528abbd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3528abbd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The exponential growth of consumer culture globally has led to a paradoxical situation\u00a0 where an abundance of material possessions coexists with a decline or at best marginal\u00a0 increase in overall wellbeing.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-49e7cc9b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"49e7cc9b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Despite the promise of enhancing &#8220;cleanliness, comfort, and\u00a0 convenience,&#8221; the abundance of goods has failed to translate into significant improvements\u00a0 in human flourishing. Instead, it has fuelled environmental crises and societal alienation,\u00a0 raising urgent questions about the efficacy and ethics of contemporary design practices in\u00a0 the service of the industrial economy.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Unlike other ancient professions such as medicine or law or even architecture, design has\u00a0 become completely beholden to industrial interests, relegating its role to serving mass\u00a0 markets rather than individual or even community needs. This profound shift in scale has\u00a0 limited the potential of designers and marginalized their capacity to address genuine human needs in a personal, holistic, and sustainable manner. Instead, design has become complicit in perpetuating systems of inequality and environmental degradation, highlighting the urgent need for transformative change within (and outside of) the field.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p class=\"p1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In light of these challenges, it is imperative to reassess the intrinsic value of design and its potential to serve people directly, bypassing industrial mediation. This raises fundamental questions about the nature of expertise within the design field and its capacity to promote human flourishing sustainably \u2013 or, as S. Balaram put it \u201cFirst, can he? Next, will\u00a0 he?\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By interrogating prevailing assumptions and exploring alternative paradigms, we can envision new possibilities for design practice that prioritize ethics, equity, and environmental stewardship \u2013 and the clue lies in the many kinds of \u201ctechnologies\u201d available to us, not merely the industrial variety.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Michel Foucault&#8217;s exploration of the history of &#8220;Technologies of the Self&#8221;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(or \u201cwellbeing\u00a0 technologies\u201d if you like) offers a possible insight into the transformative potential of design in promoting individual and societal wellbeing. <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b15a19d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3b15a19d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By reframing design as enabling self reflection, empowerment, and collective action at personal as well as community levels, we\u00a0 can reimagine its role in fostering meaningful connections and facilitating positive social\u00a0 change. <\/span><\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e6a5be elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3e6a5be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This requires a departure from passive consumption towards active participation,\u00a0 where individuals are empowered to shape their environments and experiences in ways that\u00a0 align with their values and aspirations.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Central to this reimagining of design is the recognition that wellbeing encompasses more\u00a0 than material possessions; it encompasses holistic experiences, meaningful relationships,\u00a0 and a sense of belonging. By integrating insights (and \u201ctechnologies\u201d) from diverse\u00a0 disciplines and cultural traditions and retaining its \u201chumanizing\u201d emphasis, design can\u00a0 transcend its narrow focus on products and services to become a catalyst for human and\u00a0 ecological wellbeing, fostering resilience and sustainability in an increasingly complex world.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Papanek&#8217;s utopian, nomadic-inspired prototypes<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">6 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">offer glimpses into alternative futures\u00a0 where design serves as a vehicle for social and ecological thriving. In these scenarios,\u00a0 industry provides the equipment and infrastructure necessary for creative production, while\u00a0 individuals and communities co-create solutions using local materials and knowhow that\u00a0 meet their unique needs and aspirations. This participatory approach not only fosters\u00a0 innovation and resilience but also promotes a sense of ownership and agency among all\u00a0 stakeholders, laying the foundation for a more equitable, resilient, and flourishing society.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p class=\"p1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Here, Mahatma Gandhi&#8217;s vision of &#8220;decentralized, autonomous village republics&#8221;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">7<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">provides a provocative framework for reimagining the role of design within communities.\u00a0 Rooted in principles of self-sufficiency, sustainability, and social fabric, Gandhi&#8217;s idea\u00a0 emphasizes the importance of restoring economic activities to human and ecological\u00a0 scales, anchored in local needs and resources. By prioritizing community autonomy and\u00a0 resilience, decentralized village republics promote economic equity, environmental\u00a0 stewardship, and cultural diversity, aligning closely with the goals of sustainable design. <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-448dedd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"448dedd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In this context, design emerges not only as a means of problem-solving but also as a catalyst for collective progress, fostering collaborative approaches to resource management,\u00a0 infrastructure development, and cultural revitalization.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78cd2f3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"78cd2f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As elaborated by S. Balaram in\u00a0 \u201cBarefoot Designer\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">8<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, embedded designers can contribute to the creation of vibrant, resilient\u00a0 communities that prioritize human wellbeing and ecological harmony, laying the foundation\u00a0 for a more just, equitable, and sustainable future.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0Design&#8217;s evolution away from consumerism and in the service of humanity and the planet\u00a0 can also be achieved by shifting its focus to catalysing interdisciplinary innovation at the\u00a0 granular as well as systemic levels. By merging its \u201chumanizing\u201d expertise with\u00a0 transformative technologies\/fields like education, healthcare and governance, embedding\u00a0 design into such \u201cimpact areas\u201d can lead to collaborative development of human-,\u00a0 community- and planet-centric solutions and innovations that address complex societal\u00a0 challenges and foster sustainable development. <\/span><\/p><p>A few illustrative Case Studies:\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; The Aravind Eye Care System in India revolutionized cataract treatment<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">9 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">by streamlining\u00a0 operations and leveraging design principles to provide high-quality, affordable eye care to\u00a0 millions.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; Design for Change empowered students in Brazil<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">10 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to tackle local challenges through\u00a0 project-based learning and design thinking, fostering creativity and civic engagement.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; SEWA Bank&#8217;s financial inclusion initiative in India<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">11 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">co-designed innovative banking\u00a0 solutions with low-income women, enhancing economic empowerment and social inclusion.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; Mumbai&#8217;s Slum Rehabilitation Authority used design thinking to develop inclusive housing\u00a0 solutions<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">12 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">responsive to the needs of slum communities, promoting social equity and\u00a0 resilience.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><br \/><br \/><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-7561088123\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-7561088123\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-64c0a1d0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"64c0a1d0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c2bb7e4 e-con-full scrollcon e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4c2bb7e4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64b0af8f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"64b0af8f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-526fd76f elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"526fd76f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">with Neri Oxman<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e820b1f elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2e820b1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Since she created her interplanetary wardrobe, known as<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/neri.media.mit.edu\/projects\/details\/mushtari.html#prettyPhoto\"> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wanderers<\/span><\/i><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(2014), Neri Oxman has pioneered a future-forward genre of biodesign that marries the curvaceous forms of life with the cool smoothness of digital fabrication. Over time her projects have gotten larger in scale, more ambitious, and have ceded more control to the organisms with which she works\u2014bees, silkworms, fungus, and bioengineered bacteria. Now Neri is working on the scale of the city. What that means for the urban skyline might surprise you. <i>Biodesigned <\/i>interviewed Neri about her show, lab, and visions for living architecture. For Part One, we asked a single question. Neri\u2019s response merited its own section<\/span><\/p><p class=\"p1\">\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ec6f430 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2ec6f430\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e1d2c59 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3e1d2c59\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Biodesigned<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a9537f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a9537f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What are three questions every biodesigner must consider?<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15f569db e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"15f569db\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c73700f elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2c73700f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Neri Oxman<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3722462e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3722462e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What is life? <\/span><\/i><\/p><p class=\"p1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Artificial wombs and embryos made from skin cells are already revolutionizing reproductive biology. CRISPR-Cas9 genome-editing technology can be programmed to target specific stretches of genetic code and edit them at precise locations. Gene drives may soon provide an effective means of accelerating the inheritance of genetic modifications through specific wild populations or entire species. With these systems in place, we can permanently modify genes in living cells and organisms to treat genetic causes of disease, while also controlling genetic expression. From here, creating or permanently altering life is all too real.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cebd875 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cebd875\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55c4ebe elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"55c4ebe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Neri Oxman<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fcd2b0c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fcd2b0c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What are the ethical implications? <\/span><\/i><\/p><p class=\"p1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is a beautiful quote by Francis Bacon that states, \u201cNature, to be commanded must be obeyed.\u201d Those who cannot obey nature are unable to command it. Every single project within the arc of our work has gotten us thinking about the ethical considerations associated with biodesign. For example, With <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Silk Pavilion I<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">II<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, we were introduced with opportunities to experiment with transgenic silkworms, but we decided against them. In both of these projects, relationships created between the designers, the robots, and the silkworms were ones of synergy. We co-designed and co-fabricated silkworm-spun architecture while enabling healthy metamorphosis for the silkworms. This way of producing silk products represents a vast departure from age-old traditions in sericulture wherein the procurement of silk thread comes at the cost of thousands of silkworm lives per product.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-753e303 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"753e303\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e60b68 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2e60b68\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Neri Oxman<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-947e899 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"947e899\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How can we design on the scales of nature? <\/span><\/i><\/p><p class=\"p1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Design structures are often static and materially homogenous, while biological structures are dynamic and materially heterogeneous. Living things respond, grow, and adapt. They perform a multiplicity of simultaneous functions across scales, optimized for structural load, environmental pressures, spatial constraints, etc. Consider a tree, which simultaneously communicates, nourishes, bends, and stands tall. Bricks exhibit no hint of intelligence and synthetic fibers have yet to fire electrical signals into the textiles they inhabit. While we crudely assemble polymers, concrete, steel, and glass, biology grows intricate structures using material practices refined over eons of evolution. Can we close the gap?<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9703bec e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9703bec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9fadbed elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9fadbed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Biodesigned<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c90dca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c90dca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How has the field of biodesign evolved since you started your practice?<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70203e29 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70203e29\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7fda6f7e elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7fda6f7e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Neri Oxman<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1873ac25 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1873ac25\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It depends on who and how you ask. There are generally three approaches to biodesign, each distinguished by its relationship with nature\u2014from nature-inspired design to design-inspired nature. They are:\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1) Nature-<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">inspired<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> projects that have co-evolved with digital fabrication;\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2) Nature<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">-informed<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> projects that have co-evolved with materials engineering; and\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3) Nature<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">-grown <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">projects that have co-evolved with biology and\/or synthetic biology.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Another lens through which to see the evolution of biodesign over past decades is the relationship between elements that make up <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">bio<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and elements that make up <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">design<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. This relationship has progressed from one of containment (e.g. a<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/oxman.com\/projects\/glass-i\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3D printed glass vessel<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> containing bio-based materials) to one of synergy between the two (e.g.<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/oxman.com\/projects\/totems\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a structure<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> designed to vary its properties both as a function of external environmental conditions and internal biological processes).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In our own practice\u2014first with the Mediated Matter Group at MIT and now with my team at OXMAN\u2014we\u2019ve made it our intention to lace and intertwine the disciplines. Digital fabrication, materials science and engineering, and synthetic biology have all contributed to our approach\u2014Material Ecology\u2014in ways that express synergy across physical, digital, and biological domains.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Our Turing test of biodesign is a test of a designed object\u2019s ability to exhibit intelligent behavior indistinguishable from a living material. If the evaluator cannot reliably tell the grown from the made, the design artifact is said to have passed the test.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c20deb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c20deb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37346f6 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"37346f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Biodesigned<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f6d804 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f6d804\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So what is your current vision for the future of the built environment and its relationships with people and other organisms in the environment?<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca5f5c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ca5f5c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e8e7249 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4e8e7249\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Neri Oxman<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54bb927f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"54bb927f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The vision?<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Grow everything<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the future, human-made materials will be a combination of grown and made, created using a mixture of natural and synthetic techniques. Relationships between materials, humans, and organisms of the natural world will embody complete synergy. Embracing complexity and diversity across systems and scales in design, we open ourselves to advancing beyond mere maintenance (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">i.e.<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, conservation) towards the betterment (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">i.e<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">., augmentation) of nature.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A Thousand Plateaus<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, Deleuze and Guattari use the narrative of a wasp and an orchid to illustrate the concept of \u201cbecoming\u201d [1]. In this view, it becomes challenging to separate between the \u201cparts\u201d (the wasp and the orchid) that make the \u201cwhole\u201d (the reproductive cycle of the orchid, ecology at work). Certain orchids are known to display physical and sensory features of female wasps to attract male wasps into a \u201ctrans-species courtship dance,\u201d which unfolds as the wasp attempts to mate with a flower. During this \u201cdance,\u201d pollen is transferred to the wasp\u2019s body. The wasp\u2014seduced by a plant\u2014is literally co-opted into the orchid\u2019s reproductive apparatus.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In our practice, my team and I see socially constructed dichotomies as one: city and environment, product and body, social fabric and micro-climate, etc. As activist designers, we collaborate with both nature and the companies working with us to create designs that embody a set of first principles in service of nature, and thereby, in service of humanity.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14add2d2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"14add2d2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b84ba6d elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2b84ba6d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Biodesigned<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14480fa0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"14480fa0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Interesting! At the SFMOMA exhibition you display a scale model of New York City and how it might evolve over the next 400 years called <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Man-Nah\u0101ta<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. It looks like a sort of fungus overtakes the city. Can you describe what\u2019s happening in the piece?<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6535f5bb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6535f5bb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16c123b1 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"16c123b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Neri Oxman<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2351cfcd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2351cfcd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The backdrop for <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Man-Nah\u0101ta<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is the forthcoming film by Francis Ford Coppola\u2014<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Megalopolis<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2014in which an architect and scientist seek to rebuild New York City as a utopia with an intelligent, infinitely adaptable material called \u201cmegalon\u201d. In a series of studies for the film, we look back to pre-1600s Manhattan, when the Island was a diverse, natural landscape of hills, valleys, forests, fields, and wetlands, home to the Lenape people and known as Mannahatta (\u201cland of many hills\u201d). We then look ahead to an imagined urban future, using computational growth algorithms that can be applied across material, architectural, and urban scales to offer a design framework based on principles of growth and self-organization. This enables the generation of a vast and diverse set of forms not unlike the structures that emerge through biological growth\u2014including the networks of fungal mycelium extending across the globe for trillions of miles.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In our studies, we propose synergy between contemporary Manhattan\u2019s cultural diversity and ancient Mannahatta\u2019s biotic livelihood: the grid and the garden. <br \/><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Informed by climate projections and inspired by urban habitats such as stone circles and megaliths, the series transitions from a human-centric biosphere to a distributed nature-centric landscape, evolving harmony between the built and the grown. Across four centuries, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Man-Nah\u0101ta<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> experiences emergence, growth, decay, and rebirth as a built-grown singularity.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-429471ec e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"429471ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71ed5c69 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"71ed5c69\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Biodesigned<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e81771a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e81771a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Let\u2019s talk a bit about consensus: there are 8.5 million people in New York City. Is this future something you believe people would agree to or something they would succumb to?<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5151af70 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5151af70\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4727620f elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4727620f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Neri Oxman<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61541754 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"61541754\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In a way, it is not up to us\u2014it is and it isn\u2019t. If we do not agree to a future of social and urban design which emphasizes adaptation, flexibility, and collaboration, we will succumb to a future foretold by climate change.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Manhattan today is a precarious habitat threatened by extreme forces of rapid climate change, with future projections reported by the 2021 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, including higher temperatures, increasingly frequent heavy downpours, and a rising sea level that will further increase storm surges and coastal flooding. In an extreme scenario, global surface temperature is projected to rise 10 degrees Fahrenheit and global mean sea level 16 meters by the year 2400 [2].<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We designed our way into this crisis through our short-sighted choices in materials, products, and buildings at the expense of the natural world. If we are to survive the sixth extinction, it is on us to design solutions to resolve, renew, and revisit our place on this planet.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e83f4a6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e83f4a6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57c17a89 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"57c17a89\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Biodesigned<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-269a37d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"269a37d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You\u2019re creating a new 36,000 square-foot research facility in New York City. I\u2019m reminded of the original Bell Labs, which was also here. What makes NYC the appropriate site?<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-763cc40a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"763cc40a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42a2feda elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"42a2feda\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Neri Oxman<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c3c7c0a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7c3c7c0a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Only in the Big Apple can we recreate the Garden of Eden!<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NYC is my new home. After more than 20 years in academia\u2014first as a student and then as a tenured professor\u2014it was time for a fresh perspective. I moved here out of love, married, fully pregnant, and eager to write the next chapter of my life.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But beyond my personal life, I am keen to nurture a new kind of biodesign \u201cmecca\u201d for makers in a city so saturated with cultural motion. In NYC, there is boundless opportunity to question and hopefully reinvent how we make products, how we build architecture, and how we plan cities.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bell Labs circa 1940 was the Silicon Valley of its day. Its scientists and engineers took center stage in creating the greatest innovations of the Information Age. The protagonists of the \u201cwet\u201d version\u2014think \u201cBell Labs goes Bio\u201d\u2014will be designers. I have no doubt that biodesign will be among the most important vocations in this century, and my team and I look forward to working with many of them within and alongside our new lab.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-765f5cc2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"765f5cc2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5014390e elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5014390e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Biodesigned<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2df6108b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2df6108b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In one word, what is the most pressing crisis for designers operating today? Climate, social inequality, violence, pollution, hunger?<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4159206b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4159206b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c26ef6b elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5c26ef6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Neri Oxman<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-233b79f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"233b79f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0Empathy.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>< > Chapter Four: The Mutant An Introduction from the Editor In the natural world, mutations happen when genetic information is not replicated in a specific, pre-ascribed way it was \u201cprogrammed\u201d\u00a0 to.\u00a0 The data of how our cells in DNA are transcribed into RNA so it can be translated into the building blocks of a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":101032,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3167","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/student-publication\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3167","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/student-publication\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/student-publication\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/student-publication\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/101032"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/student-publication\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3167"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/student-publication\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3167\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3198,"href":"https:\/\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/student-publication\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3167\/revisions\/3198"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/academics.design.ncsu.edu\/student-publication\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3167"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}